The world is becoming increasingly more unstable, hazardous and dangerous. Between 2007-2017, global peace levels deteriorated significantly.

Terrorism has seen a 247% increase in deaths worldwide. Kidnap-for-ransoms, while under-reported, are generally recognised to average 40 000 per year. While our HEAT course can be applied to contexts outside of the continent, Africa is, however, a notoriously hazardous and violent region.